Discussion is made about the global sources of this metal in context of its abundance and suitability of extraction. This article highlights the usefulness of nickel as a metal. Banerjee, in Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 2019 Abstract A slight improvement in metallurgical results was achieved when using mercaptan as the secondary collector.
Improvement in overall PGM recoveries was obtained using xanthate as the primary collector and dithiophosphate as the secondary collector.
#Nickel ore subnautica simulator#
The model is intended for use in an operator training simulator and for control purpose. Important variables of the process such as pressure and temperature are extracted from the model and compared with the real measurements in the gas cleaning section of Xstrata Nikkelverk Kristiansand. To complete the model, parameter estimation based on the least squares estimates is performed. The system is modeled from first principles, setting up the conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy. The cleaning section consists of the following sequentially connected components: hot gas fans, venturies, washing tower, cooling tower, wet electrostatic precipitators, drying tower, and blower. This paper deals with the gas cleaning process and preparation of the released sulphur dioxide rich gas stream that comes out of roasters. Bernt Lie, in Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2011 AbstractĪfter roasting of copper and nickel ores in roasters, a significant amount of sulphur dioxide is released along with the particulate matter. TBP is likely to play duel role in augmenting the copper recovery while depressing the nickel sulphide minerals. However, the poor nickel floatability into the bulk concentrate indicated that TBP can be an effective flotation reagent for differential flotation of Cu-Ni bearing concentrates to preferentially depress pentlandite. The first order rate constant with PANXHA was also higher than that with potassium amyl xanthate.Ī turpentine based product (TBP) increased the copper recovery by 1.5–2% in the bulk concentrate as compared to the results obtained with potassium butyl xanthate on a rebellious copper-nickel ore containing 2.15–2.3% Cu and 1.04–1.1% Ni. Rao, in Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering, 2014 New flotation reagents for sulphide nickel minerals flotationįlotation studies on a nickel ore containing 4–5% pentlandite, 4–5% chalcopyrite and 30–35% pyrrhotite with seven synthesized N-arylhydroxamic acids revealed that N-phynylacetyl- N-(2,6- dimethylphenyl) hydroxylamine (PANXHA) was observed to have the highest first order rate constant and highest selectivity index for pentlandite. Solvent extraction is used to extract cobalt from the leaching solution into an organic extractant, leaving a nickel-rich, cobalt-lean electrolyte. Solvent extraction does not remove impurities, for example, iron, arsenic, lead, manganese and calcium. Scrubbing is the chemical removal of nickel that has co-extracted with the cobalt.
Cobalt is separated from the nickel using Alamine 336. High concentrations of chloride ions result in the extraction of cobalt from the aqueous phase while low concentrations of chloride ions result in the stripping of cobalt from the organic phase. The nickel is removed by washing the organic with water that has been slightly acidified with hydrochloric acid in small mixer-settlers. Loading of the organic extractant with cobalt is favored by a high concentration of hydrochloric acid in the aqueous phase. The aqueous solution from the extraction stage is known as the “raffinate” and the organic from the extraction stage is known as the “loaded organic.” In practice, extraction and stripping are each done in several mixer-settlers connected in a counter-current manner. Solvent extraction occurs in at least two steps: extraction and stripping. The objectives of this chapter are to describe the principles and the industrial practice of solvent extraction of solutions containing nickel and cobalt. Solvent extraction of nickel and cobalt is practiced in three different solution environments: chloride, sulfate, and ammoniacal solutions. There are three techniques that are currently used industrially for achieving this objective: precipitation of the cobaltic hexamine salt precipitation of cobaltic hydroxide using nickelic hydroxide and, solvent extraction. High-purity nickel and cobalt are made from these solutions by electrowinning or hydrogen reduction. Davenport, in Extractive Metallurgy of Nickel, Cobalt and Platinum Group Metals, 2011 Publisher SummaryĪll nickel ores contain cobalt, to a greater or lesser extent.